Upconversion luminescence from Nd-doped gerimania-ormosil organic–inorganic hybrid films derived at low temperature
نویسندگان
چکیده
Nd-doped germania-ormosil hybrid films are synthesized by a sol–gel spin-coating technique for photonic applications. Acidcatalyzed solutions of c-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane mixed with gemanium isopropoxide are used as matrix precursors. Planar waveguide films with a thickness of about 1.8-lm are obtained by a single spin-coating process and at low temperature heat treatment. The effects of Nd doping concentration and heat treatment temperature on upconversion emission of the hybrid films are studied. An intense room-temperature violet upconversion emission at 397 nm is observed from the hybrid film with an optimum Nd concentration of 0.5 mol% upon excitation with a yellow light at 584 nm. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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